A conceptual map of our ideal school - 

Individual work of Melike Cetin

“CREATIVE SCHOOLS: GIVING AN ANSWER TO STUDENT NEEDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY” (Melike Ҫetin)

Schools nowadays are forcing with different challenges. Inclusion, heterogeneity and long-lasting education are one of them. In our group, we are four students from three different countries, so we decided to compare the education systems in the primary school in our countries in their structures, methodologies and the relationships between the pupils and the teachers.

We found out, that the education system in Spain and Turkey are quite similar and Germany seems like to have the “better” education system. But also in Germany, teachers are facing with problems that might Spain and Turkey don’t have. Based on the discussions we had within the group, we created our ideal school.

One of the theoretical aspects of our ideal group is the importance of the relationship between teachers, students and parents which we called “cooperation”. Cooperation is mainly characterized "by reference to common objectives of different persons which are to be achieved". It is intentional, communicative and requires the confidence. It also presupposes certain autonomy and is obligate to the norm of reciprocity". Cooperation between these three actors is important and the key aspect of it is trust. It is essential for the security and to be supported and valued by others. It’s also necessary for constructive handling of conflicts and to ask others for help, e.g. to reduce the potential threat to one's self-esteem. All in all cooperation is crucial for structures and climate within the school!

Another aspect which is important for us are the breaks during the day. We found out that pupils in Spain have just one big break during the day which is really sparse. Pupils need a several break or a snack time during the day. These 15 to 20 minutes give them time to digest what they are learning and to get some fresh air. There are several neurological advantages for these breaks. According to different studies, breaks support the need for children to be physically active in order to learn.  Stagnation of the body leads to stagnation of the brain and unfocused, “hyper” children. But not only students need a break. Teachers are often used to answer emails from parents, erase the board, get ready for the next class, make copies, answer student questions, and pick up the mess left behind by the students.  In a teacher’s room, teachers can work, prepare, grab a cup of coffee, or simply rest, socialize, and mentally prepare for their next class.

Homework is also an aspect we want to change in our ideal school. Children get homework in the primary school so they don’t have time to do some hobby activities after school. So, when it comes to homework, the idea of “less is more” has more output. If pupils get the work done in class, and teachers feel that what the pupils are able to do in school is enough, there is no pressure for homework. Also the evaluation system should be rethinking: if assignments are open-ended and not really graded, students will work on it in class diligently.

One of the main challenges in school education systems is to include disabled children. Many of them go to different schools because the education system is often not able to handle with the diversity. But that mustn’t be a challenge itself, it could be chance. So that’s why schools should have an inclusive education system. The main idea of inclusive education systems is to let the children learn together, to get to know with diversity in class. This includes of course the working with disabled children without labeling and not to look at the differences. All in all, inclusion is an approach to respond to diversity in the education system. It is about giving the pupils the same opportunities in school and by this, to remove barriers. This can only succeed by working together which is established in cooperation. We need the participation, patience and time to be successful with inclusion of all actors, named teachers, parents and pupils. With cooperation and inclusion we may give an answer to pupils need.

Pupils mostly don’t want to go to school because they have just theory based classes. That’s why teachers should know how to use new methods to catch pupil’s interest in subjects. Another option is the introduction of new entertaining subjects to make the school as a place where do you want to like to go.

The educational researcher Ken Robinson describes in his talk "Do schools kill creativity?" the importance of creativity in education systems. In his opinion, creativity in school is as important as reading and writing. Children are born with the ability to be creative but they lose this ability when they get old because they are afraid to make mistakes which are considered as the worse things you can do in school. So, the creativity of children will educate out of their capacity. This is mainly because creativity is not seeing equal to other courses. There is a hierarchy of courses in education systems all over the world. On top of these courses are mathematics and language. Then follows the humanities and at the end are the arts. The reasons for this are in history. One reason is to get the industry full of workers and the other one is to prepare the students for university. He argues that these hierarchy leads to an academic inflation and therefore requires a radical rethinking about the understanding of intelligence. Here, he states three things about intelligence. It’s diverse, dynamic and distinct. As an example he mentions the famous choreographer Gillian Lynne who had learning problems in school. It transpired out that she could only think when she moves. After this little story, he pronounces for new concepts of human economies in future to develop inventiveness of human competences.

But not only different subjects can improve the education system. It also can improve by the architecture. The architect Takaharu Tezuka shows in his talk “The best kindergarten you’ve ever seen” a kindergarten in Tokyo. This kindergarten has no barriers and borders, so children can move free during the classes. He points out that children need “a dschungel of noise” to think and need to move all the time. He also recommended letting the children to be children and not to control them because children learn by making mistakes. But in this century, the worst thing children can do in school are mistakes. This is also mentioned in Ken Robinsons talk.

The main ideas of the other group workings are more or less the same. The aspect of the diversity was mentioned by three groups which shows that this is one of the main aspect of our ideal school. I remember that one group mentioned to have animals in the class to socialized children and let them to be responsible for a living being. Also the natural environment was mentioned by one group. This was also pointed out by Takaharu Tezuka. Another idea is the answer of the economic situation which I personally found very interesting. This group mentioned to have second hand workbooks for pupils who can’t pay for it. In my opinion, this is a very good aspect. Arvind Gupta for example showed in his video how to turn trash into toys for learning. I think that these are methods to show that everyone could get access to education and it’s a human right.

All in all, there were a lot of proposals which we have seen in the videos from the other groups and the three videos on TED. All these show us that there are many ways to improve the school education system around the world beginning by making learning toys with trash. Researchers emphasize the importance of the children selves. We are all talking about methods and ways to improve the education system without asking pupils what they actually want or interested in. We are going to be teachers and I think that we need to make the first step because just talking about won’t get us forward. 

“CREATIVE SCHOOLS: GIVING AN ANSWER TO STUDENT NEEDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY” (SANDRA FERNÁNDEZ DEL CASTILLO)

1. VIDEO AND ARTICLE

Hi everyone! The last work that we have done is a video talking about our ideal school, what type of things we could change, talking about the different methodology at school, the structure of the building etc. I think that this is a interesting work because we can improve our imagination and improve our knowledge about how are the schools nowadays and how we'd like to be it in the future. And being in the 21st century think there are many things that we have to change.

This work I found very interesting as we could investigate how are the schools now, and above all has made us wonder if what we want for the future is this or prefer to be a change.

To begin this project we decided to see some videos from previous years to get some ideas of how we could organize our video. Then we read several documents and also decided to see different videos on the internet to inform about some of the problems that could now be in schools and all this began to get some ideas in order to create our work. One of the items that gave us the teacher talks about inclusive schools and this was what I found most interesting, spoke especially of the importance that we must give multiculturalism to eliminate prejudice we currently have, also the importance changing the traditional methodology and which makes students see school as boring. If something I like about this work is to learn new things about inclusive schools as it is something that we are talking a lot about it and we have to inform us to change education in the future.

An article which took some ideas on inclusive schools was "Developing inclusive schools" Mel Ainscow. In general, all read documents have helped us to get an idea that we had to deal points in the video, to search for information on how schools are realizing now and the things that did not work and needed change.

After making the video with my group and after watching the videos of other colleagues, I have taken many ideas on the different ideals schools each created. Of these ideas I'll talk later.

In class also we saw some videos to finish this work. The video that I liked most was of Ken Robinson, saying that schools are killing creativity. Ken Robinson explains that creativity is as important as literacy. I totally agree with him, as a creative child is much more motivated to learn and investigate that a child whom they are taking over his creativity because they prefer to teach only academic things for in a future he can go to the university. Currently mathematics and language are at the top of subjects while activities such as music or dance are not given importance and children who like this the people say to they that this is not going to feed they in the future, and taking away their dreams. Something good that the children have, as Ken says, is that children are at risk, they are not afraid to make mistakes. Being so open, they develop that creativity when they doing things, this creativity that being older is lost, mainly due to the fear of risk. In my opinion I think that creativity is something fundamental that we have to increase in children, who inquire into, investigate, develop their own thinking and knowledge, allowing them to perform the activities they like and not just teaching academic things.

Another video that we saw in class was that of a schoolyard. This courtyard was designed in circular shape, with nets in the trees so that children would not fall and a railing around it. In this way children are in contact with nature, do not have barriers like a normal yard, this makes children can feel free, disconnect and play. What I liked most about this project is the option that they give to children not to have limits to play and learn at the same time. Another thing that struck me is that they consider that noise is important, especially for sleeping, children sleep with noise, when they are with silence can not sleep. In general the structure of this building makes children have fun and learn in a very different space than we're used to seeing.

2. IDEAS FOR IDEAL SCHOOL

In this part I will talk about the general ideas that I think an ideal school would have to have. These ideas are the videos we have done in class. First I must say that all videos have been great and everyone has contributed something new and new ideas. Although in general all have tried the same topics each group has always added something new. The most interesting topics and have me like that should be in an ideal school have been:

•           Methodology: all groups have agreed that in general need to change the traditional methodology to a constructivism model because it seems the most appropriate for children to learn at schools. Also the importance of carrying out cooperative learning in the classroom, we must introduce more practice and not just theory. A project-based learning. Also the importance of students to work in groups.
•        Values: has also spoken in all the works of the importance of teaching children values such as respect, solidarity, confidence, tolerance etc. This would be easier if the relationship between teachers and parents were good, from collaboration between them, to teach good values at home and at school teachers also do so. It has been proposed in several groups have open days for the relationship between parents and teachers were better. Also the importance that have that teachers trust in their students.
•      Timetable: we have all agreed on the importance of having more breaks for children to be disconnected, a more flexible timetable to help working parents and have no one place to leave their children, also a schedule where teachers have time to prepare classes and have meetings with parents etc. The Team Perk group much focused on this issue and propose long breaks between classes.
•       Inclusive classrooms: here mentioned much the importance of multiculturalism and diversity and the importance of seeing that all are equal regardless of our race, sex, color, ideas etc.
•      Resources: all groups mentioned the importance of equal resources in all schools, like for example new technologies, also being able to have a public transport for children etc.
•           Problems: Although we have said many changes that we would like our ideal school also have to take into account the problems we want to solve. Some of them are bullying, send fewer homework, there is much theory etc.
•     Structure of the building: we have all said they would have to have extensive play areas, swimming pool, facilities for the disabled, classrooms for activities such as music or art, an auditorium to make plays etc. For example, the group Wanderlust proposed having classes on the street so that students were not always locked and could be learning in other areas.

CONCLUSION

In my opinion an ideal school would have to have many of the ideas that I mentioned above. I wish the methodology with which students were taught need to be Constructivist, eliminating the traditional methodology and let the children form their knowledge with the help of the teacher as a guide. A school where teachers saw the importance of allowing students to learn by themselves. Where there not exist problems such as bullying or discrimination another because of the skin color, for example. A school where good values can be teaching and not only matter to taught subjects, because is well train children academically but also is important to form children as good people. I think everything I said about the videos are things that should be in my ideal school and although they are very difficult things to achieve, if we all do our split, I'm sure that in the future we can get a change.

Finally I would like to reflect on a topic. A girl in my group is Erasmus and she is from Germany, she was telling us things about her educational system and it has nothing in common with the Spain model. In our video we said that the German model was a good model but the teacher suggested us that children in Germany with 10 years they need to choose what will they want to study, which here in Spain is with 16 years old. I think this is not good because with 10 years children are not yet ready to think what they are going to want to study, are children who are starting to build their knowledge and developing their skills so I think that  a very early age to  years is an early age to choose this kind of things.

CONCEPTUAL MAP

Here you have our conceptual map with tha main ideas that we and our classmates talk about it in their videos.

VIDEO OF OUR IDEAL SCHOOL

Hi! There we have our video of the second project that is about the education systems and how could be our ideal school. We hope that you enjoy it!

CREATIVE SCHOOLS: GIVING AN ANSWER TO STUDENT NEEDS IN THE 21ST CENTURY - SEVİNÇ ÇİSEM YÜKSEL

We all have an education system no matter where we are from. The problem is that our education systems are not perfect. Or course we don’t expect them to be perfect completely but they have to satisy the needs of the era. By changing, adding and removing something we can do that because education is one of the most important aspects of being a human. We are the teachers of the future. So we have to be aware of the current problems and we should be ready to solve them in order to create a better educated generation.

Before we start our project, we discussed the problems that we have in our countries and we compared them. It was very interesting to learn the systems of different countries so we decided to share our information with our colleagues. Turkey and Spain are quite similar to each other in terms of educational problems meanwhile Germany seems to not have so many problems but while we were presenting the problems, our teacher said that in Germany, children have to decide what they are going to study at the age of 10. This is way too early to make such an important decision. I think this is a huge problem. Giving them such a big responsibility in that early age forces them to grow up early and makes them  anxious about their future. Because they are too young to choose a domain. In that kind of situations, mostly parents have to decide what their children are going to be in the future but this choice should belong to the children themselves. And also many parents are not aware of their kid’s capabilities. So there should be some days for parents to come to the class and observe theie children. So they can see what their kid is doing, how well s/he is doing. Then parents and teachers share their ideas about what kind of path they should follow to maket he kids happy. This is not for only Germany but also all systems should have that kind of observation sessions with parents to collacorate with the teachers.

 We see an example of the lackness of parental knowledge in Ken Robinson’s speech. There is an insprational story about how Gillian Lynne becomes a great dancer. But at first, both her parents and teachers think that she is an hyperactive kid and she doesn’t fit the class atmosphere. But being different from the others doesn’t mean that you are sick or something like that. You only learn by that way. That’s all. So the system should be fixed according to that and also parents should be educated not to label their kids according to their success in just scientific lessons. Because there is an hierarchy in education. But all the subjects have the same value. Being good at arts doesn’t make you unsuccessful and it doesn’t mean that you are the bottom of the hieararchy. This makes you a very successful artist. But the creativity is not rewarded in society. This is the main problem why this hieararchy and that kind of problems occur.

The another idea which Ken Robinson underlies is that all children have creativity and they are not afraid to be wrong. This is why they are creative at that point. You have to be prepared to be wrong in order to be creative. He tells a story about a girl who is exactly ready to be wrong  and therefore to be creative. She is not good at all subjects but drawing. Apart from all subjects, she can focus on what she is doing in drawing lessons. She draws a picture and the teachers asks her what she draws, she says ‘ I am drawing a picture of God’. We all don’t know what God looks like and of course she doesn’t, either but she doesn’t think that I can’t draw something that I don’t know beforehand. She is not afraid to be wrong about that. But the systems doesn’t allow children to be creative. They are exposed to much theory and many teachers don’t want them to be creative. They want their own truths but the truth is a relative thing. We can accept that we should teach children that they can do whatever they want and they can be whatever they want.

And also we don’t have to controll them and protect them from everything. They should learn something by doing and by experiencing them. We can say a kid that if you run too fast, you can fall and this hurts you. But unless s/he experinces it on her/his own, the kid can’t learn it completely no matter how many times we say that. In order to create this, Takaharu Tezuka designed a aspheric kindergarten in the middle of the nature without a roof or definite classes which are already located. All children learn together, share together and collaborate with each other to live together happily. The school consists of trees, gren areas and portable equipments. They run all day, spend their time very effectively by discovering new things and discovering the beauty of the nature. Teacher allows them to do whatever they want but also they want them to collaborate the other kids. There are no definite classes because in closed areas, the kids feel bordered. But the main point is to make them feel free. He says that if you put a child in a closed area, s/he will try to escape that borders and s/he will find a place to hide but instead of doing this, he designed a aspheric area for children. He explains the main point underlying this concept by saying that if you give a child a circle to spend his time, even if he tries to escape somewhere else, he will return where he was before. Because it is a circle. He has no choice. They learn how to talk, how to respect, how to share and tolarate to each other. This is one of the most important things in education. Teaching good values. He also takes an advantage of having physical activities in the school by designing this kindergarten. Kids are always active. By running the half of the school, a kid runs 400 metres a day. If we consider how many times they do that, the amount is very satisfied.

While we were talking about how to get rid of the participation problems, we also thought about introducing new entertaining subjects. And this kindergarten is a big example of this. Our taughts were like that;  Children mostly don’t want to go to school because they are exposed theory oriented classes. But rather than this, teachers should teach how to use the theory in the real life instead of just teach the theory itself. So we can add some entertaining subjects to implement real life tasks. For example if we study geography, we can arrange a trip to see what kind of things we’re going to see throughout the semestr. And of course, we should add some courses that can be interesting for students to see. Like music classes, swimming classes or chess tournaments to have some effective time to spend with each other. Because having just theorotical classes can be way too boring for students and they can’t focus on the school well. We suggest that there should be any kinds of subjects and children can attend whatever they want without thinking credits. There shouldn’t be an hieararchy.

Our other concern is to supply the same opportunities to all children. Because both Spain and Turkey suffer from an economic crisis and  money effects the quality of the education very much. All students should have the same opportunities in their education lives. Because all our education systems in Turkey, Spain and Germany; private schools have more opportunities than public schools and this situation creates a knowledge gap between students. Money shouldn’t be one of the most important aspects of having a good education. Yes, we should supply new technologies to increase the effectiveness of the education but this doesn’t mean that if you don’t have that opportunities, you don’t need to teach complicated things. We saw that everything is possible when you really want to teach in Arvind Gupta’s video. He creates so many toys and simple machines to teach something and also instead of throwing them, he makes them renewable. They are not so expensive or hard to find. We can find them almost everywhere. This also improves children’s creativity. In order to teach children how an engine Works, we don’t have to bring the class an actual engine. We can make a fake engine all together. They will understand better when they are included the process of making it. And also they will understand better the way it works,too. He als designes a toy for blind children to draw and this is amazing. He just used a box, rope and a mechanism to spin the rope. By that way we also have an inclusive education system in our schools.

Our thougts about diversity and inclusive education system were like that; Schools should have an inclusive education system. The main idea of having an inclusive education system to respond to learner diversity in the classes. And this includes working with disabled children without labelling them as a disabled learner, having all kinds of children in each class without looking at their differences. If a student learn very slowly, that shouldn’t be a problem. We should adopt that quote ‘ It does not matter how slowly you go as long as you do not stop’. Our fisrt aim to encourage students to never stop.

Inclusion is a process which means that we never stop searching better ways to respond to diverstiy. It is about identification and removal of barriers. We need the presence, participation and achievement of all students to say that we have an inclusive education system. They need to attend the classes both reliably and punctually, they need to have well quailified experiences whilst they are at school and the outcomes of learning should be beyond the curriculum, not merely test or examination results.With all of these, we can provide more effective educational responses for all children.

We have 2 important factors to facilitate the promotion of inclusive practices in schools. They are clarity of definition in relation to the idea of inclusion which means that we should know what exactly expect from inclusive system. And the other one is forms of evidence that are used to measure eudcational performances of children. By starting point for making decisions about the evidence we sohuld have a point of view that ‘ Measure what we value’ rather than ‘valuing what we can measure’. 

Finally, we should have 4 themes for our inclusive education system frameworks. They are;

1. Concepts
2. Policiy
3. Structures and systems
4. Practice ( But let me say that the focus musn’t only be on practice but also it must address and sometimes challenge the thinking behind existing ways of working)

            We also want more breaks and less homework in the school. Children can get bored very easily especially when they are exposed lessons too much. They need breaks to fresh their minds, to eat something to drink something or to talk with their friends. This can be very good for Spanish education system because we already have many breaks during the day and also Germany has many breaks. But we have the same homework problem. Children already spend so much time at school and what’s more, they have to spend too much time to do their homeworks at home. But they are too young to sit and do homework all day long. They need to spend time outside the house and school. So teachers give free time to do their homework at school and they shouldn’t push children so hard by giving a lot of homeworks.

We’ve learnt so many things from our colleagues’ presentations,as well. They are all very good and well made. In general all groups aim to have an inclusive education system. Because the main point to get a better system is to have an inclusive system.

I remember the Modern Students’ idea of having animals in the class but there is a difficulty about that there are many children who are afraid of animals. How can we ensure that they will be confortable with that? As a person who scares animals very much, I can’t imagine having a class with a rabbit or a frog. We can teach them to respect animals but I think it is not a good idea to share a class with them. In spite of this, their work is very well and their main points are very good. They want to provide a teacher to give children advices and feedback, push them to think critically and teach some values like respect,trust, equality. I really like the ideo of having a box for sharing ideas. This also help pupils to know each other better and they can meet their needs and wishes so there won’t be so many problems.

Apart from our work, Wonderlust also give some information about other countries’s education systems. ( Finland, USA, Netherlands, Indonesia) So it was nice to know different systems. They want their pupils to learn through other’s opinions so they push them to share their ideas. It is a useful way to promote brain-storming in the class. Their school is located in a natural environment so that pupils can be integrated with the nature and learn to be grateful for the nature. The best thing that they provide schools to have solar panels. That is an amazing idea to not waste energy. We already have our renewable resources thanks to nature so we should use them instead of wasting our energy for a thing which we already have a solution for.

Cronicas Viajeras pointed out the crisis generally. They want to provide pupils to have second hand workbooks for the lessons because they are really expensive and all children have to have them in order to follow the curriculum. And there is a transportation opportunity to make pupils’ lives easier. Transportation is really expensive, as well. In order to reduce the effects of the crisis, they seem to be good for pupils. Apart from the crisis, they also provide bilungual lessons to promote diversity. It can be good to have a well qualified language lessons for children coming from different countries. As an Erasmus student, I really support that idea.

Musical Chairs want to have an assesment with sense. This means that rather than having an exam, pupils should be evaluated daily and teacher should give feedback immediately. Teachers should see the pupils as small adults and let them solve their problems by discovering and consulting each other. This is a good idea to have a good relationship between both pupils-pupils and pupils-teachers. Their ideal school should educate pupils not only academically but also socially. This means that they have to teach how to be a good person besides how to be a good student. They want to use 5 senses in the classroom to have a real-world knowledge not only theory. This also helps pupils to understand better.

Team Perk wants to have a cooperative learning to deal with the diverstiy well. They want to promote flexible class hours for pupils to feel themself comfortable. This can be a good idea but i think there should be a schedule anyway. Because if you let them do whatever they want, you can’t stop them again. They also want to have spare areas in their school to help pupils spend time together and do some activities.

Dumbledore’s Teachers Army talks about the same things more or less. But they pointed out the bullying as well as talking about general ideas that we already know. They want to teach values to get rid of bullying. They see this one of the most important problems of schools. They are right. We can also teach empathy to understand the bullied kid.

The Unknown’s most prominent suggestion is to make people donate their schools because of the crisis.

To sum up, there are many problems and there are many solutions. It requires time to change the whole system but we can start somewhere. We have the power. We all have great ideas and the most important thing is that we are aware of that we have problems in terms of education systems. We don’t accept them like the way they are now. We shouldn’t follow the traditional path that all previous teachers follow. We will be the teachers of next generations. Our primary aim is to teach how to be a good person, and then we can deal with anything else. 

General comment on the work of colleagues

In general, all the work of my colleagues were quite good. I liked the ideas that have been because most of the time they are similar to mine. But I have also brought new ideas, which previously had not thought I Pareen now essential in a school.

In most studies focus on different points that coincide, and these are:

- Try to fight against harassment and remove it from the classroom. This point seems very interesting because I think it's a big problem and there try to fight it.

- The change in methodology. All studies agree that, want to spend behaviorism to constructivism. Thus I believe that children learn more.

- The importance of group work. In this way children can help each other and can discuss. Currently, it is very difficult to see a school in which groups perform in class, at least in my experience.

- Put children less duties. I think it's important to remember that children are children and they have to play. You can not send them many duties and all afternoon housebound are thrown.

- The importance of inclusive classes. It was one of the main requirements of this work. Thanks to this I have come to know because otherwise never would have had in mind when creating my ideal school.

These are mainly the main characteristics common to all groups. Although there are others that surprised me because it not occurred to me to include in my work, and they are:

- Include animals in the classroom

- Give greater importance to the arts.

- A very interesting point as formative assessment.

- Develop creating competitiveness in class tournaments.

My ideal school

At first, before seeing all the work of my colleagues thought that the ideal school was that of my group and could not be improved in any way. But after watch them all, I can say that I have acquired new ideas that would improve my ideal school.

Therefore, I will summarize the main ideas of my school with new ideas that my colleagues have given me:

- Changing methodology of behaviorism to constructivism.

- That teachers teach good values ​​and not just working parents.

- Having less homework because kids should have time to enjoy and play.

- To work more in groups because it is much more beneficial for children.

- Develop the use of technologies.

- Develop different types of intelligences giving different subjects in different spaces.

- Increase the amount of time children spend outdoors.

- Trying to reassure students to feel safe.

- Promote the development of critical thinking.

- Developing green spaces, for example, making a garden at school.

- Have open days to talk with parents.

- Provide training to teachers so they do not stop developing at any time.

- Increase breaks between classes and make recess is longer.

- Classes should have large windows and lots of color for kids to be motivated.

- Try that children learn while having fun so they do not lose motivation and do not see studying as boring, but as an opportunity for their future.

- Try to avoid harassment by children courses.

- Try to be more practical exercises and not much theory. In this way, students will better understand the content.

- Develop creating competitive tournaments.